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About
The LAN9646-I/MXX from Microchip Technology is a highly integrated, industrial-grade 6-port Gigabit Ethernet switch IC designed for advanced networking applications. Combining an ARM Cortex-A5 processor (500 MHz) with robust connectivity options, it serves as a complete networking solution for embedded systems. The device supports 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet across all ports with RGMII, SGMII, and GMII interfaces, enabling flexible network configurations. With additional features like PCIe Gen 2.0, USB 2.0, and multiple memory interfaces, it is well-suited for demanding industrial and automotive applications where reliable, high-speed data transfer is critical.
A key strength of the LAN9646 lies in its versatile connectivity and protocol support, making it ideal for IoT gateways, smart switches, and networked embedded systems. The integrated dual USB 2.0 ports (480 Mbps) and PCIe interface (5 Gbps) allow seamless expansion for additional peripherals or high-speed host communication. The chip also supports DDR3/DDR3L memory (up to 800 MHz) and various flash storage options (NAND, eMMC, SD), ensuring compatibility with modern embedded designs. Advanced networking features like VLAN tagging, QoS prioritization, and jumbo frame support enhance performance in complex network environments.
Security and precision timing are central to the LAN9646’s design, featuring IEEE 1588v2 (PTP) for precise time synchronization—essential for industrial automation and telecom applications. Optional MACsec (IEEE 802.1AE) support provides hardware-accelerated Layer 2 encryption, safeguarding data integrity in sensitive deployments. The device operates across an industrial temperature range (-40°C to +85°C) and is RoHS 3 compliant, meeting stringent environmental and reliability standards. Its 132-VFQFN package (10×10 mm, 0.4 mm pitch) ensures compact integration while maintaining robust thermal performance.
Targeting industrial IoT, automotive gateways, and smart infrastructure, the LAN9646 balances performance with power efficiency, making it a preferred choice for next-generation networked devices. Microchip provides comprehensive development support, including evaluation kits and software drivers, to streamline design-in processes. Whether used in factory automation, vehicle networking, or edge computing, the LAN9646 delivers a scalable, future-proof solution with enterprise-grade networking capabilities in an embedded form factor. For detailed design guidance, engineers are encouraged to consult the official LAN9646 datasheet (DS00003725A) and Microchip’s application notes.
Key Features
1. Core & Processing
- ARM® Cortex®-A5 processor (500 MHz)
- Integrated 6-port Gigabit Ethernet switch
- Supports 10/100/1000 Mbps operation
2. Interfaces & Connectivity
- 6× Ethernet ports (RGMII, SGMII, GMII interfaces)
- 2× USB 2.0 High-Speed (480 Mbps) ports
- PCI Express Gen 2.0 (1 lane, 5 Gbps)
- SPI, I²C, and UART interfaces
3. Memory & Storage Support
- DDR3/DDR3L memory interface (16-bit, up to 800 MHz)
- Supports NAND, NOR, eMMC, and SD/SDIO flash
4. Networking & Protocols
- IEEE 802.3 Ethernet compliance
- IPv4/IPv6, TCP/IP, UDP support
- VLAN tagging and QoS prioritization
- Jumbo frame support
5. Security & Timing
- IEEE 1588v2 Precision Time Protocol (PTP)
- Optional MACsec (IEEE 802.1AE) for Layer 2 encryption
6. Power & Package
- 1.2V core voltage, 1.8V/3.3V I/O supply
- 132-VFQFN package (10×10 mm, 0.4 mm pitch)
- Industrial temperature range (-40°C to +85°C)
7. Compliance & Certifications
- RoHS 3 compliant
- Halogen-free
- MSL 3 moisture sensitivity
Applications
1. Industrial Automation & Control
- Factory automation systems
- Industrial IoT (IIoT) gateways
- Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) communications
- Machine-to-Machine (M2M) networking
2. Automotive & Transportation
- Automotive gateways (Ethernet backbone)
- In-vehicle infotainment (IVI) systems
- Telematics control units (TCUs)
- Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
3. Networking & Telecommunications
- Managed Ethernet switches
- Enterprise routers & gateways
- Small business/Industrial network switches
- Precision Time Protocol (PTP) synchronization devices
4. Embedded & IoT Systems
- Smart grid & energy management equipment
- Building automation controllers
- Medical device connectivity
- Edge computing appliances
5. Consumer & Commercial
- Digital signage media players
- Network-attached storage (NAS) devices
- KVM over IP switches
- Surveillance system aggregators
Advantages
✔ Performance & Integration
- Single-chip solution reduces BOM cost and board space vs discrete implementations
- ARM Cortex-A5 integration eliminates need for external host processor in many applications
- Hardware-accelerated switching delivers wire-speed performance without CPU overhead
✔ Design Flexibility
- Multiple interface options (PCIe, USB, RGMII/SGMII) enable diverse system architectures
- Broad memory support accommodates various cost/performance design points
- Configurable port arrangements support different network topologies
✔ Reliability & Robustness
- Industrial temperature rating ensures operation in harsh environments
- Integrated PHY interfaces improve signal integrity vs external PHY solutions
- Comprehensive protocol support reduces software development effort
✔ Time-Sensitive Networking
- Hardware-based PTP enables precise synchronization for industrial automation
- QoS capabilities ensure deterministic performance for critical traffic
✔Security
- MACsec-ready design provides future-proofing for encrypted networks
- Isolated memory architecture enhances system security
✔ Power Efficiency
- Optimized power architecture reduces overall system energy consumption
- Power management features enable low-power operating modes
✔ Ecosystem Support
- Microchip’s proven Ethernet IP reduces design risk
- Comprehensive software support accelerates time-to-market
- Long-term availability commitment important for industrial designs
✔ Simplified System Design
- Reduces PCB complexity by integrating switch, CPU, and peripheral interfaces in one chip
- Eliminates external PHY components for multiple Ethernet ports
- Minimizes clock distribution challenges with on-chip clock management
✔ Cost Efficiency
- Lowers total system cost versus processor + external switch solutions
- Reduces power supply complexity with integrated voltage regulation support
- Decreases assembly costs through high integration (fewer components)
✔ Software Development Benefits
- Unified driver architecture simplifies software integration
- Consistent API support across Microchip’s Ethernet portfolio
- Linux® kernel support reduces porting effort
✔ Thermal Advantages
- Monolithic design improves thermal performance versus multi-chip solutions
- Optimized power distribution reduces hot spots
✔ Signal Integrity
- On-chip termination for high-speed interfaces improves signal quality
- Matched impedance routing for Ethernet interfaces
✔ Manufacturing Benefits
- Single-chip testing improves manufacturing yield
- Known-good-die reliability from Microchip’s qualified production
✔ Future-Proofing
- Firmware upgradeable for feature enhancements
- Scalable architecture allows reuse across product families
✔ Debugging Advantages
- Integrated monitoring of all network ports
- Error detection/correction capabilities throughout data path
✔ Time-to-Market
- Reference designs available for common applications
- Pre-certified for key networking standards
✔ Supply Chain Advantages
- Single-source solution reduces vendor management
- Microchip’s stable manufacturing ensures long-term availability
Specifications
| Parameter | Specification | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Microchip Technology | |
| Product Category | Ethernet Switch ICs | |
| Product Type | 6-Port Gigabit Ethernet Switch with PCIe and USB | |
| Series | LAN964x | |
| Part Number | LAN9646-I/MXX | “I” = Industrial Temp |
| Package | 132-VFQFN (10mm × 10mm, 0.4mm pitch) | |
| Packaging | Tray (Standard) | Reel option may be available |
| Mounting Type | Surface Mount (SMD) | |
| Operating Temperature | -40°C to +85°C | Industrial grade |
| Core Processor | ARM® Cortex®-A5, 500 MHz | |
| Ethernet Ports | 6 × 10/100/1000 Mbps | Supports: RGMII, SGMII, GMII |
| USB Ports | 2 × USB 2.0 High-Speed (480 Mbps) | |
| PCI Express | 1 × PCIe Gen 2.0 (5 Gbps) | Single lane |
| Memory Support | DDR3/DDR3L (16-bit, up to 800 MHz) | No LPDDR support |
| Flash Support | NAND, NOR, eMMC, SD/SDIO | |
| Serial Interfaces | SPI, I²C, UART | |
| Security Features | IEEE 1588v2 (PTP), Optional MACsec | |
| Power Supply | 1.2V (Core), 1.8V/3.3V (I/O) | No 2.5V support |
| Typical Power Consumption | Varies by configuration – consult datasheet | |
| Protocol Support | IPv4/IPv6, TCP/IP, UDP, VLAN, QoS, Jumbo Frames | |
| Certifications | IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet), USB-IF (USB 2.0) | |
| RoHS Status | RoHS 3 Compliant | |
| Halogen-Free | Yes | |
| Moisture Sensitivity | MSL 3 | 168 hours floor life |
| ECCN | 5A992.c | EAR99 (unrestricted) |
| Applications | Industrial IoT, Automotive Gateways, Network Switches, Smart Embedded Systems |
Comparison with Similar Components
1. Architecture Comparison
| Feature | LAN9646-I/MXX | Competitor A (Broadcom BCM5316x) | Competitor B (NXP SJA1105T) | Competitor C (Marvell 88E6321) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Integration Level | Switch + ARM CPU + Peripherals | Pure Layer 2 Switch | TSN Switch Only | Managed Switch ASIC |
| Processing Core | ARM Cortex-A5 (500MHz) | None | None | Embedded MIPS |
| Memory Interface | DDR3/DDR3L | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Package Size | 10×10mm (132-VFQFN) | 19×19mm (256-BGA) | 14×14mm (159-TFBGA) | 27×27mm (484-BGA) |
Key Architectural Differences:
- The LAN9646 uniquely combines switching, processing, and peripheral interfaces in a compact package
- Competitors typically separate switching and processing functions
- Only LAN9646 offers integrated memory controller for standalone operation
2. Networking Capabilities
| Parameter | LAN9646 | BCM5316x | SJA1105T | 88E6321 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Port Count | 6×GbE | 8×GbE | 5×GbE | 7×GbE |
| Interface Types | RGMII/SGMII/GMII | RGMII/SGMII | RGMII/SGMII | RGMII/SGMII/QSGMII |
| Switching Capacity | 12Gbps | 16Gbps | 10Gbps | 14Gbps |
| MAC Address Table | 4K entries | 8K entries | 1K entries | 16K entries |
| VLAN Support | 802.1Q (256 VLANs) | 802.1Q (4K VLANs) | 802.1Q (8 VLANs) | 802.1Q (4K VLANs) |
| QoS Features | 4 priority queues | 8 priority queues | Time-based shaping | 8 priority queues |
Networking Differentiation:
- LAN9646 provides balanced switching performance with processing capabilities
- Competitors offer either higher port density (BCM5316x) or specialized TSN features (SJA1105T)
- Marvell solution provides superior MAC table capacity but requires external CPU
3. Advanced Networking Features
| Feature | LAN9646 | BCM5316x | SJA1105T | 88E6321 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IEEE 1588 Support | v2 (Hardware Assist) | v1 (Software) | v2 (Full Hardware) | v2 (Hardware Assist) |
| TSN Capabilities | Basic PTP | None | Full TSN (802.1Qbv, Qbu, Qci) | Limited TSN |
| Security Features | Optional MACsec | ACLs (L2-L4) | Frame Preemption | ACLs + DHCP Snooping |
| Jumbo Frame Support | 9KB | 10KB | 2KB | 16KB |
Advanced Feature Analysis:
- SJA1105T excels in deterministic networking with complete TSN support
- LAN9646 offers better time synchronization than BCM5316x but less than SJA1105T
- 88E6321 provides superior frame handling capabilities
4. System Integration Features
| Integration Aspect | LAN9646 | BCM5316x | SJA1105T | 88E6321 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Host Interface | PCIe Gen2 + USB 2.0 | MII/RGMII | SPI | SGMII/PCIe |
| Peripheral Support | Full (I²C, SPI, UART) | None | None | Limited |
| Power Management | Advanced Clock Gating | Basic | TSN-Aware | Per-Port |
| Debug Capabilities | JTAG + Ethernet Port Mirroring | Port Mirroring Only | Limited | Extensive |
Integration Advantages:
- LAN9646 provides the most comprehensive set of host interfaces
- Only solution with integrated USB connectivity
- Superior debug capabilities compared to pure switch solutions
5. Performance Characteristics
| Metric | LAN9646 | BCM5316x | SJA1105T | 88E6321 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latency | <1μs (Cut-Through) | 500ns (Cut-Through) | <1μs (Time-Aware) | 700ns (Store-and-Forward) |
| Power Consumption | 2.5W (Typical) | 3.2W | 1.8W | 4.5W |
| CPU Utilization | 0% (Hardware Switching) | N/A | N/A | 10-20% (Managed Features) |
| Temperature Range | -40°C to +85°C | 0°C to +70°C | -40°C to +105°C | 0°C to +70°C |
Performance Notes:
- LAN9646 offers the best temperature range among commercial switch ICs
- BCM5316x provides lowest latency but limited temperature range
- SJA1105T achieves lowest power consumption with TSN features
6. Software Ecosystem
| Software Aspect | LAN9646 | BCM5316x | SJA1105T | 88E6321 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OS Support | Linux, FreeRTOS | Vendor SDK Only | Linux | Linux, VxWorks |
| Management Options | CLI, Web, SNMP | Proprietary | TSN Config Tools | SSH, WebUI |
| API Maturity | Microchip HAL | Closed Source | NXP SDK | Marvell SDK |
| Community Support | Growing | Limited | NXP Ecosystem | Established |
Software Comparison:
- LAN9646 benefits from Microchip’s unified software framework
- SJA1105T has strong TSN-specific tooling
- 88E6321 offers most mature management options
Application-Specific Recommendations
Industrial Automation:
- Best Choice: LAN9646 (integration) or SJA1105T (TSN)
- Avoid: BCM5316x (limited temp range)
Automotive Gateways:
- Best Choice: LAN9646 (full solution) or SJA1105T (high-temp)
- Avoid: 88E6321 (high power)
Enterprise Edge Switching:
- Best Choice: BCM5316x (port density) or 88E6321 (features)
- Avoid: LAN9646 (over-integrated)
Time-Sensitive Networking:
- Best Choice: SJA1105T (full TSN)
- Secondary Option: LAN9646 (basic PTP)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
General Specifications
- What is the LAN9646-I/MXX?
An industrial-grade 6-port Gigabit Ethernet switch IC with integrated ARM Cortex-A5 processor and multiple peripheral interfaces. - What does the “I” in the part number indicate?
Industrial temperature range (-40°C to +85°C). - What package options are available?
132-VFQFN (10×10mm) is the standard package. - Is this a lead-free component?
Yes, it’s RoHS 3 compliant and halogen-free. - What is the moisture sensitivity level (MSL)?
MSL 3 (168 hours floor life at ≤30°C/60% RH). - What is the expected lifecycle of this product?
Microchip typically guarantees 10+ years of availability for industrial products.
Processor & Memory
- What processor core does it use?
ARM Cortex-A5 running at 500MHz. - Does it support floating point operations?
Yes, it includes a VFPv4 floating point unit. - What types of memory are supported?
DDR3/DDR3L (16-bit, up to 800MHz), plus NAND/NOR flash and eMMC/SD cards. - What is the maximum memory capacity supported?
Up to 2GB DDR3 (theoretical limit, practical limit depends on OS).
Networking Features
- How many Ethernet ports does it support?
6× 10/100/1000Mbps ports with RGMII/SGMII/GMII interfaces. - Can all ports operate at 1Gbps simultaneously?
Yes, the switch fabric supports full line-rate on all ports. - Does it support auto-negotiation?
Yes, on all ports when using external PHYs. - What VLAN features are supported?
IEEE 802.1Q with 256 VLAN IDs and port-based VLANs. - Is QoS supported?
Yes, with 4 priority queues and DiffServ support. - What is the MAC address table size?
4K unicast MAC addresses. - Does it support IGMP snooping?
Yes, for multicast traffic optimization.
Interfaces & Connectivity
- What PCIe version is supported?
PCIe Gen 2.0 (5Gbps) with one lane. - How many USB ports are available?
2× USB 2.0 High-Speed (480Mbps) ports. - What serial interfaces are included?
SPI, I²C, and UART interfaces. - Can I add more Ethernet ports?
Yes, through PCIe or additional external switches. - Does it support SGMII daisy-chaining?
Yes, for connecting multiple switch chips.
Performance & Timing
- What is the switching latency?
<1μs in cut-through mode. - Does it support IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol?
Yes, PTPv2 with hardware timestamping. - What clock accuracy can be achieved?
Typically ±100ns with proper hardware design. - Is SyncE supported?
No, this requires external PHYs with SyncE capability.
Power Management
- What are the power supply requirements?
1.2V core, 1.8V/3.3V I/O supplies. - What is typical power consumption?
Approximately 2.5W with all ports active. - Are there low-power modes?
Yes, with clock gating and selective port shutdown. - Does it support power-over-Ethernet (PoE)?
No, PoE requires additional hardware.
Software & Development
- What operating systems are supported?
Linux and FreeRTOS are officially supported. - Is there a BSP (Board Support Package) available?
Yes, from Microchip for Linux. - Can I use Yocto for building Linux images?
Yes, Microchip provides Yocto layers. - Is the SDK free to use?
Yes, under standard Microchip licensing terms. - Are there any example applications?
Yes, including switch management and gateway examples.
Security Features
- Does it support MACsec?
Optional MACsec (IEEE 802.1AE) support. - Are there hardware security features?
Secure boot and memory protection units. - Can it implement firewall rules?
Yes, through software configuration.
Applications & Design
- What are typical applications?
Industrial gateways, smart switches, and automotive networking. - Are evaluation boards available?
Yes, Microchip offers the LAN9646-EVB evaluation kit. - What magnetics are recommended?
Standard Gigabit Ethernet magnetics for each port. - Is impedance control needed for PCB traces?
Yes, 50Ω for single-ended and 100Ω differential pairs. - What reference designs are available?
Industrial IoT gateway and managed switch designs.
Comparison & Alternatives
- When should I choose the LAN9668 instead?
When you need TSN or 2.5GbE support. - How does it compare to NXP’s SJA1105?
LAN9646 includes a CPU while SJA1105 is TSN-optimized but needs external host. - Is there a lower-port-count version?
No, but the LAN935x series offers 3-port options.
Purchasing & Support
- Where can I buy samples?
Through authorized distributors like Digi-Key or Mouser. - What documentation is available?
Datasheet, hardware design guide, and software manuals. - Is technical support available?
Yes, through Microchip’s support portal. - Are there any known errata?
Check the latest datasheet revision for errata details.
Datasheet
LAN9646-I/MXX Microchip Technology datasheet
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